血清铜蓝蛋白联合透明质酸检测在肝纤维化患者诊断中的应用

目的探讨血清铜蓝蛋白(CP)联合透明质酸(HA)检测在肝纤维化患者诊断中的应用前景。方法选取2015年1月至2018年12月本院收治的疑似肝纤维化患者226例为研究对象,对患者的CP、HA水平进行联合检测,根据各项指标检测水平对患者做出诊断,并与金标准诊断方法肝穿刺活检结果进行对比。对CP、HA单独检测和联合检测的诊断结果进行统计对比,并对各组检查方法的灵敏度、特异度、假阳性率、假阴性率、准确度等进行统计对比,比较不同检查方法在不同肝纤维化分级患者中的诊断正确率。结果 226例患者中金标准诊断201例(88.94%)为肝纤维化,CP单独检测检出154例(68.14%),HA单独检测检出143例(63.27%),CP+HA联合检测检出195例(86.28%)。经Kappa一致性检验分析CP+HA联合检测与金标准结果有高度一致性,CP、HA单独检测与金标准结果为中等一致性。CP+HA联合检测的灵敏度、特异度、准确度均高于CP、HA单独检测,方法间比较差异有统计学意义(χ~2=11.602、55.959、78.047,P=0.003、0.039、0.002)。在不同分级肝纤维化患者中,CP+HA联合检测在Ⅰ级、Ⅱ级纤维化检出率高于CP、HA单独检测,方法间比较差异有统计学意义(χ~2=9.432、8.324,P=0.007、0.010)。结论 CP联合HA检测在肝纤维化患者诊断中应用情况良好,有较高的诊断正确率,且对症状程度较轻的肝纤维化患者有较高的检出率,可作为肝纤维化诊断检查的主要手段加以推广应用。     

Contributions of animal nutrition research in rostock to energetic feed evaluation

The Rostock research in animal nutrition has underlain in continuation and progressive development of Kellner's starch value system, net energy fat as measuring unit for energetic feed evaluation. Net energy‐fat was used as an uniform unit of measure for all farm animals with different performances. The scientific basis for the net energy‐fat system was created by numerous studies on energy retention and utilisation efficiency of pure nutrients and nutrients of feedstuffs and rations. For the estimation the energy content of feedstuffs and rations, multiple regression equations were derived on the basis of experimental results of the energy research group. The regressions for the estimation of energy values are used directly and modified in feed evaluation systems for practical use. The Rostock research group in energy metabolism created also essential contributions to factorial derivations of energy requirement of farm animals. In the presented paper selected results on maintenance energy requirement in relation to partial energy requirement values and utilisation efficiencies in growing, pregnant and lactating animals, especially cattle and pigs, are comprised. The Rostock results are compared to those from literature.     

基于价值评估的黄山市生境质量时空演变特征分析

评价与分析特定区域的生境质量及其时空变化对其生态安全格局构建、可持续发展意义重大。本文以典型旅游城市黄山市为研究区，综合生态系统服务价值评价模型、基于NPP与NDVI的生境质量指数评价、InVEST生境质量评价模型、空间分析等模型与方法对黄山市1987-2017年生境质量进行研究。结果表明：（1）1987-2007年，黄山市生境质量总值持续下降，2017出现回升，但生境受到的威胁仍增加，生境最优区为北部太平湖区域，生境质量低值主要分布在各县区主城区；生境质量栅格等级变化以4等级转变为3等级为主。（2）1987-2017年，黄山市105个乡镇（街道）中有84个乡镇（街道）生境质量有所下降，主要分布在东部区域；北部环太平湖区域的乡镇为生境质量"高高"型聚集区及热点区域，屯溪区、徽州区南部、歙县、休宁县主城区的各镇为生境质量"低低"型聚集区及冷点区域。（3）黄山市城市发展对生境质量影响较大，大体上距离城市中心点越近的圈层，生境质量越差；距离黄山市旅游中心点10-20、30-40、40-50 km的3个圈层形成生境质量低值点，为旅游与城区互助发展的结果；黄山市旅游与生境质量空间分布相关性较强，旅游设施、景区核密度越高，低等级生境质量占比越高。     

格网尺度下典型旅游城市生态服务价值估算和时空分异特征——以三亚为例

以典型旅游城市三亚市为案例地，利用2006-2018年4期Landsat遥感影像数据，借助ENVI、ArcGIS平台定量识别土地利用演变特征，在1km×1km格网尺度下估算旅游地生态系统服务价值，并结合空间探索性数据分析揭示生态系统服务价值时空分异特征及其与旅游地发展的时空耦合关系。结果表明：（1）2006-2018年间，三亚市生态系统服务价值总量呈逐年下降趋势，由6.73×10⁹元降至5.76×10⁹元，累计减少9.78×10⁸元；（2）空间格局上，三亚市呈"南低北高"空间分异格局，2006-2018年增值区域连片分布于崖州区、天涯区、吉阳区南部区域，且呈逐年减少趋势，减值区域集聚于天涯区东北部、海棠区；（3）空间集聚上，生态系统服务价值截面各年份均呈显著空间正相关且相关性先降后增。高高集聚区位于天涯区北部区域，低低集聚区分布于沿海、海湾地区；（4）旅游发展与生态系统服务价值时空演化特征关联性较强。三亚市天涯区北部林地生态环境良好，生态系统服务价值略有下降但绝对数值稳定，是生态系统服务价值主要来源；旅游发展较为迅速的三亚湾、崖州湾以及海棠湾，相对增值区域较多，但绝对生态系统服务价值损失显著，严重滞后于其他区域。     

华南地区22种园林植物耐旱性分级筛选

以华南地区22种常见园林植物为研究对象，研究人工模拟干旱胁迫环境对植物叶片叶绿素、丙二醛、过氧化物酶、相对电导率等生理指标的影响，通过主成分分析、聚类分析对22种植物耐旱性进行综合分析评价和耐旱等级划分。结果表明：(1) 在干旱梯度胁迫期间，植物叶片的叶绿素含量总体上呈不同程度的下降趋势，少数呈上升趋势，丙二醛含量和相对电导率均呈不同程度的上升趋势，多数植物过氧化物酶活性呈不同程度先升后降趋势，少数呈持续上升趋势。(2) 22种植物耐旱性分为3个等级：A级强耐旱植物4种，包括灰莉(Fagraea ceilanica)、鸭脚木(Schefflera octophylla)、桂花(Osmanthus fragrans var. fragrans)、鸢尾(Iris tectorum)；B级中耐旱植物6种，包括翠芦莉(Ruellia simplex)、栀子花(Gardenia jasminoides)、变叶木(Codiaeum variegatum)、红车(Syzygium hancei)、红背桂(Excoecaria cochinchinen)、茉莉花(Jasminum sambac)；C级不耐旱植物12种，包括福建茶(Carmona microphylla)、米仔兰(Aglaia odorata)、大红花(Hibiscus rosa-sinensis)、琴叶珊瑚(Jatropha integerrima)、龙船花(Ixora chinensis)、黄蝉(Allamanda schottii)、假连翘(Duranta erecta)、红檵木(Loropetalum chinense var. rubrum)、紫薇(Lagerstroemia indica)、风车草(Cyperus involucratus)、小花月季(Rosa chinensis var. minim)、铜钱草(Hydrocotyle chinensis)。     

The method matters: A guide for indicator aggregation in ecological assessments

Ecological assessment requires the integration of many physical, chemical, and/or biological quality elements. The choice of the aggregation method of such partial assessments into an overall assessment can considerably affect the assessment outcome – an issue that has been controversially discussed within the scientific community for the last decade. Current practice often considers only two different aggregation methods, the weighted arithmetic mean (additive aggregation) and the one-out, all-out method (minimum aggregation). However, both have important drawbacks. Additive aggregation compensates a bad status of one quality element by a number of elements featuring good status. Minimum aggregation can lead to overly pessimistic assessment results, since only the quality element in the worst status is considered. Here, we introduce a toolbox containing current and new aggregation methods, demonstrate and discuss their properties with simple, didactical examples, and suggest in which situations best to use them. Then, we illustrate the consequences of selected aggregation schemes for ecological river assessment with the case study of the Swiss Modular Concept of stream assessment (SMC), which we apply to ten river reaches in the Mönchaltdorfer Aa catchment in Switzerland. To be able to do so, we used multi-criteria decision analysis, i.e., multi-attribute value theory, to arrange the SMC quality elements into an objectives hierarchy, and to translate their individual assessments into value functions. Our case study revealed that choosing the most appropriate aggregation method particularly matters, if objectives with significantly different qualities are aggregated. We argue that redundant objectives (i.e., quality elements), often found at the lower levels of the objectives hierarchy, should best be aggregated additively allowing for compensation to increase the statistical significance of the results. Further, we suggest that complementary sub-objectives that often occur at higher levels may be optimally aggregated with a mixture of additive and minimum aggregation. Such a mixed method will allow some compensation, but nevertheless penalize for very bad states. Since here we compare commonly used aggregation methods with some which we believe have never been discussed in an assessment context before, our study concurrently informs ecological assessment in theory and in practice.     

A Field Study of Animal Behaviour

A dice game for teaching the relationship between water availability and water loss in plant growth     

生态城市指标体系与评价方法

生态城市是依据生态学原理提出的一类社会-经济-自然协调发展的城市。目前生态城市理论研究主要应用在城市的规划、设计和管理上。生态城市建设的评价是衡量生态城市规划、建设、管理成效的主要依据。在对生态城市理论和内涵详细分析的基础上,采用专家咨询的定性和定量信息构建了扬州生态城市评价指标体系,该指标体系包括了城市复合生态系统中社会、经济、自然3个子系统,反映生态城市的内涵和衡量生态城市各子系统的状态、动态和实力。为对各级指标进行综合,提出了全排列多边形图示指标评价方法,评价生态城市在各个规划时段的建设成效。评价结果表明,扬州生态城市的综合发展能力市在2005规划年将达到0.44,在2010规划年将达到0.64,在2020规划年将达到0.85。评价方法简单直观,代数计算结果考虑了各级指标临界值对综合指标的放大和紧缩效应,反映了整体大于或者小于部分之和的系统整合原理。